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        <h1 id="其他博主教程"><a href="#其他博主教程" class="headerlink" title="其他博主教程"></a>其他博主教程</h1><h2 id="英语——非谓语动词-阿阿阿丹哟"><a href="#英语——非谓语动词-阿阿阿丹哟" class="headerlink" title="英语——非谓语动词 阿阿阿丹哟"></a><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Qb411T78k/?spm_id_from=333.788.videocard.3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">英语——非谓语动词</a> 阿阿阿丹哟</h2><h2 id="【易筋经】底层、科学、垂直、颠覆——不出意外应该是B站最好的英语基础教学"><a href="#【易筋经】底层、科学、垂直、颠覆——不出意外应该是B站最好的英语基础教学" class="headerlink" title="【易筋经】底层、科学、垂直、颠覆——不出意外应该是B站最好的英语基础教学"></a><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1J4411B7n8?p=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">【易筋经】底层、科学、垂直、颠覆——不出意外应该是B站最好的英语基础教学</a></h2><h2 id="EnglishClass101官方语法基础课程"><a href="#EnglishClass101官方语法基础课程" class="headerlink" title="EnglishClass101官方语法基础课程"></a><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1at411u7SQ?from=search&seid=10966785713208219423" target="_blank" rel="noopener">EnglishClass101官方语法基础课程</a></h2><p><a href="https://space.bilibili.com/352629721?from=search&seid=6845375333567262756" target="_blank" rel="noopener">英语影视配音员孙志立</a></p>
<h2 id="轻松地搞定语法"><a href="#轻松地搞定语法" class="headerlink" title="轻松地搞定语法"></a><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/20981568" target="_blank" rel="noopener">轻松地搞定语法</a></h2><p>因为我们只要弄懂四类词的用法，语法方面基本上就不会有太大问题了。</p>
<p>这四类词分别是：<strong>名词、动词、形容词和副词</strong>。</p>
<p><strong>一、为什么说这四类词很重要？</strong></p>
<p><strong>“名词、动词、形容词和副词”</strong>又被称为<strong>“四大词性”</strong>，是贯穿英语语法的一条重要的线索。</p>
<p>可以这样说，英语语法就是解答以下三个问题。</p>
<ol>
<li>什么事名词,动词,形容词,和副词</li>
<li>怎么使用名词,动词,形容词和副词</li>
<li>有哪些结构可以当作名词,动词,形容词和副词使用?</li>
</ol>
<p>前两个问题是<strong>问题3</strong>的铺垫，所以我们先简单了解一下这四类词性的用法：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>名词</strong>是人、事物或是抽象概念的名称；</li>
<li><strong>动词</strong>用来表示人或事物的动作；</li>
<li><strong>形容词</strong>和<strong>副词</strong>是修饰语，用来给被修饰的成分添加附加信息；</li>
<li><strong>形容词用来修饰名词和代词；</strong></li>
<li>而副词的用法和形容词正好相反，<strong>副词是用来修饰除名词和代词外的其它结构</strong>，因此，副词能够修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语、句子等。</li>
</ul>
<p>下图是<strong>“名词、动词、形容词和副词”</strong>与<strong>“主谓宾定状补表”</strong>七类句子成分的关系：</p>
<p>名词 → 主语,宾语,表语,补语</p>
<p>形容词 → 定语,表语,补语</p>
<p>副词 → 状语</p>
<p>动词 → 谓语</p>
<p>即，<strong>名词</strong>可以作<strong>主语、宾语、表语和补语</strong>；</p>
<p><strong>形容词</strong>可以作<strong>定语、表语和补语</strong>；</p>
<p><strong>副词</strong>只可以作<strong>状语</strong>；</p>
<p><strong>动词</strong>只可以作<strong>谓语</strong>。</p>
<p>请大家先记住这个结论，因为接下来它会发挥很大的作用。</p>
<p>接下来分析问题3（即哪些结构可以当作名词、动词、形容词和副词使用），这个问题才是我们<strong>建立语法框架的关键</strong>，因为英语中绝大部分的句子都是由<strong>“四大词性”</strong>和<strong>“七类辅助结构”（介词短语、三类从句、三类非谓语动词）</strong>所组成的。</p>
<p>而我们在应用这七类辅助结构时，事实上是将它们当作四大词性中的一类来使用的 ，如下列<strong>对应表</strong>所示：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>介词短语</th>
<th>名词从句</th>
<th>定语从句</th>
<th>状语从句</th>
<th>动名词</th>
<th>分词</th>
<th>不定式</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>可充当名词</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>√</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>√</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>√</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>可以充当形容词</td>
<td>√</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>√</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>√</td>
<td>√</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>可以充当副词</td>
<td>√</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>√</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>√</td>
<td>√</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>可充当动词</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>×</td>
<td>×</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><strong>如何使用上面的对应表？</strong></p>
<p>用其中的<strong>介词短语</strong>（“介词 + 名词”被称为介词短语）来举例，如下图红框所示：</p>
<p>由上图可知，介词短语在句子中可以被当做<strong>形容词和副词</strong>来使用。</p>
<p>因为形容词和副词可以作“定语、状语、表语、补语”，所以介词短语同样可以作“<strong>定语、状语、表语、补语</strong>”。</p>
<p>也就是说：<strong>“形容词和副词可以怎样用，介词短语就可以怎样用”</strong>，比如：</p>
<p><strong>1. 作定语</strong></p>
<p>形容词能修饰名词和代词，介词短语也可以：</p>
<p>The <strong>cute</strong> boy speaks English. （那个<strong>可爱的</strong>男孩会说英语。）</p>
<p>The boy <strong>in red</strong> speaks English. （那个<strong>穿红衣服的</strong>男孩会说英语。）</p>
<p><strong>2. 作表语</strong></p>
<p>形容词能作表语，介词短语也可以：</p>
<p>He seems <strong>happy</strong>.</p>
<p>= He seems <strong>in good mood</strong>. （他似乎挺高兴。)</p>
<p>The waiter was <strong>hurried</strong>.</p>
<p>= The waiter was <strong>in a hurry</strong>. （那个服务员匆匆忙忙的。）</p>
<p>当介词短语作表语时，我们可以将其看作是一个形容词。</p>
<p><strong>3. 作补语</strong></p>
<p>形容词能作补语，介词短语也可以：</p>
<p>Doing exercises keeps me <strong>healthy</strong>.（运动使我健康。）</p>
<p>Doing exercises keeps me <strong>in shape</strong>.（运动使我有好身材。）</p>
<p><strong>4. 作状语</strong></p>
<p>副词能作状语修饰动词、形容词和句子，介词短语也可以：</p>
<p>先举一个修饰动词的例子，如下所示：</p>
<p>①The kid is looking. （那孩子在看。）</p>
<p>如果用副词carefully来修饰句①中的动词look，可以得到：</p>
<p>②The kid is looking <strong>carefully</strong>. （那孩子在仔细地看。）</p>
<p>因为介词短语能够充当副词使用，所以我们同样可以用介词短语（例如“at a little rabbit”）来修饰句②中的look，得到：</p>
<p>③The kid is looking <strong>at a little rabbit</strong>. （那孩子在看着一只小兔。）  </p>
<p>大家能够发现，动词look和介词at组成了我们常见的搭配“<strong>look at</strong>”。</p>
<p>更多的示例如下：</p>
<p>They will go. （他们会去。）</p>
<p>They will go <strong>to school</strong>. （他们会去上学。）</p>
<p>The girl is thinking. （那女孩在考虑。）</p>
<p>The girl is thinking <strong>about her future</strong>. （那女孩在考虑她的未来。）</p>
<p>由上述例子又可以得到“<strong>go to</strong>”和“<strong>think about</strong>”两个搭配。</p>
<p>所以，<strong>“动词+介词”</strong>搭配的构成原理其实很简单——就是<strong>介词短语充当状语来修饰动词</strong>。</p>
<p>同样，介词短语修饰形容词，就组成了我们熟悉的<strong>“形容词+介词”</strong>的结构，例如：</p>
<p>Chinese is different.（中文不一样。）</p>
<p>Chinese is different <strong>from any other languages</strong>.（中文与其它任何语言都不一样。）</p>
<p>便得到了常见搭配“<strong>different from</strong>”。</p>
<p>与副词一样，介词短语也同样可以修饰整个句子，例如：</p>
<p><strong>Clearly*</strong>,* we have got the trophy.（很明显，我们拿到了奖杯。）</p>
<p><strong>In my opinion</strong>, the answer is a yes.（在我看来，答案是Yes.）</p>
<p>可见，根据<strong>“四大词性”</strong>的用法，我们很快就能学会介词短语的用法。</p>
<p>同样的，我们也可以用上述的对照表来了解其它六类辅助结构。</p>
<p>例如从句，如下图的红框所示：</p>
<p><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/50/v2-3b12ac3570fa46814a4fcfee18b1f6f6_hd.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p>非常巧合，从句分为名词从句、定语从句、状语从句三个大类，正好分别对应了名词、形容词、副词这三大词性。 </p>
<p>所以，我们也可以这样理解这三类从句：</p>
<p><strong>名词从句：可以当作名词使用的从句</strong></p>
<p>I know <strong>what he is doing</strong>. （我知道他在做什么。）</p>
<p>从句“<em>what he is doing</em>”在上句中充当宾语。</p>
<p><strong>定语从句：可以当作形容词使用的从句</strong></p>
<p>The man <strong>who wrote the book</strong> is famous.（写这本书的人很有名）</p>
<p>从句“<em>who wrote the book</em>”作为定语修饰名词“The man”。</p>
<p><strong>状语从句：可以当作副词使用的从句</strong></p>
<p><strong>After you left</strong>, we all missed you.（在你离开后，我们都很想念你。）</p>
<p>从句“<em>after you left</em>”作为状语修饰句子“we all missed you”。</p>
<p>介绍到这里，顺便对名词从句作一个说明：</p>
<p><strong>Who will win the match</strong> is unknown.（谁能赢得这场比赛是未知的。）</p>
<p>My dream is <strong>that I will have my own house*</strong>.*（我的梦想是拥有自己的房子。）</p>
<p>有些书里会将上述句型称为主语从句和表语从句，其实这样的定义并没有多少必要。</p>
<p>因为事实上它们都是名词从句，只不过这个从句被放到了名词位和表语位上。</p>
<p>所以，有时过多的定义并不一定有助于理解，反而有可能会造成概念上的混乱。</p>
<p>大家只要记住：<strong>从句只有三类——分别是名词从句、定语从句和状语从句。</strong></p>
<p>顺便再提一下非谓语动词，如下图所示：</p>
<p><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/50/v2-1f6f176ca1d535f508709c0a644261d1_hd.jpg" alt="img">)<img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-1f6f176ca1d535f508709c0a644261d1_720w.jpg" alt="img"></p>
<p>动名词、分词和不定式被称为非谓语动词。</p>
<p>可是，它们可以在句子中充当名词、形容词和副词来使用，却恰恰都不能充当动词使用。</p>
<p>所以说，<strong>“非谓语动词”</strong>这个名称会给人带来一定误解，因为<strong>“非谓语”</strong>和<strong>“动词”</strong>这两个概念是本身就是互相矛盾的。</p>
<p>两个原因：一是动词只能作谓语，并不能作为定语、状语等其它非谓语成分；二是非谓语动词甚至都不能被看作是词类，更不要说有动词的属性了。</p>
<p>事实上，非谓语动词是更加类似于<strong>从句</strong>的结构，大家千万不要被它的这个名称所迷惑了。</p>
<p>综上所述，我们利用<strong>“四大词性”</strong>和<strong>“一张对照表”</strong>就能很容易地在脑中构建一个语法框架，也算是较为轻松地“搞定”语法了吧。</p>
<p>如您觉得这个回答还不错，请点个赞支持支持，多谢！</p>

      
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